er-3 : or- : r-

    er-3 : or- : r-

    English meaning: to move *stir, animate, fight, struggle, rise; to spring up, be born

    Deutsche Übersetzung: ‘sich in Bewegung setzen, erregen (also seelisch, ärgern, stir, tease, irritate); in die Höhe bringen (Erhebung, hochwachsen), partly also von Bewegung after abwärts”

    Note: originally athematic root with terminative aspect. Basic forms er-, ere-, erǝ- (?), erei-, ereu- and (under besond. article) eres-

    Note: Root ar-1*, themat. (a)re-, heavy basis arǝ-, rē- and i-Basis (a)rī̆ -, rēi- : “to move, pass” and Root er-3 : or- : r- : “to move *stir, animate, fight, struggle, rise; to spring up, be born” derived from the same root Root er-1, or- : “eagle”.

    Material: Conclusions by Persson Beitr. 281 ff., 636 ff., 767 ff., 836 ff. a. Basic forms er-, ere- (including paradigmatic with it combined i- and u-forms): O.Ind. redupl. present íy-ar-ti “ sets in motion “, Med. īrtē (*i-er-); gthAv. īratū “ he should rise “; O.Ind. intensive present álarti; from ereu- (see under S. 331) r̥ṇṓti r̥ṇváti “ rises, moves, animates “ (Gk. ὄρνῡμι “urge on, incite, make to arise, call forth, move, stir oneself, awaken, arouse from sleep”), ǘrta (compare ὦρτο), ǘrata (compare ὤρετο; themat. as rantē, ranta), perf. üra : ὄρ-ωρα, Fut. ariṣyatí, participle r̥tá- (īrṇ á - “ moved, excited “ with separation of ī from īrta or or real form of a heavy base); Av. ar- “(be) set in motion, arrive at, reach”, present-stem ar- : ǝrǝ-, iyar- : īr- (as O.Ind. íyarti : īrta), Kaus. üraya-, participle -ǝrǝta-; sk̂o-present O.Ind. r̥ccháti “ bumps into something, encounters, reaches “, next to which *re-sk̂ō in O.Pers. rasatiy “ comes, arrives at “, Pers. rasad ds.; The following cognates are compounds of Root sem-2 : one + Root er-3 : or- : r- : “to move *stir, animate, fight, struggle, rise; to spring up, be born” = [fight together]: O.Ind. sam-ará- m., sam-áraṇa- n. “fight, struggle, contention “, Av. ham-arǝna-, O.Pers. ham-arana- n. “ hostile encounter, fight, struggle “, Av. hamara- m. (and with th- formants hamǝrǝϑa- m.) “ adversary, rival, enemy”; O.Ind. írya- “ vigorous, strong, energetic “ (could belong to i-basis), irin- “vast, grand, violent, forcible “, ártha- n. m. “(*wherefore one arrives at )” “ affair, thing, business; blessing, fortune, benefit, advantage”, Av. arϑa- n. “thing, affair, incumbency, litigation “; Maybe Gk. Homer *”war (of Ilion?)” : O.Ind. sam-ará- m., sam-áraṇa- n. “fight, struggle, contention “, Av. ham-arǝna-, O.Pers. ham-arana- n. “ hostile encounter, fight, struggle “, Av. hamara- m. (and with th- formants hamǝrǝϑa- m.) “ adversary, rival, enemy”; Hence Homer was not a bard. The Old Persian compound meant “war (of Ilion)”. O.Ind. r̥tí-, ŕ̥ti- f. “attack, fight”, Av. -ǝrǝti- “ energy “ (compare O.Bulg. ratь); O.Ind. ürta- “ afflicted, injured, hurt, disabled, pressed, ailing “, ürti- f. “ mischief, affliction “ (*ü-r̥ta-, -r̥ti-); O.Ind. árṇa- “ flowing, surging, flooding “, m. “ surge, tide, flood “, árṇas- n. “ flowing flood “ (formal = Gk. ἔρνος n.; compare S. 328 O.H.G. runs), arṇavá- “ billowing, surging “; m. “flood, surging sea” (u̯o- further formations to árṇa-? or in older formant relationship to r̥ṇóti? The latter is sure for:) Av. arǝnu- m. “fight, struggle, contest “ (: O.H.G. ernust S. 331); from the themat. root form (e)re- O.Ind. ráṇa- m. n. “fight, struggle” (versch. from raṇa- m. “lust”) = Av. rǝ̄ na- n. “action, struggle, fight”; Av. rüna-, rąna- m. “ fighter, combatant “; Arm. y-aṙnem “ I stand up, I am lifted “; after Pisani Armen. 4 in addition ore-ar “people” (see under Lat. orior); with -dh- (compare S. 328 ἐρέθω, ἐρεθίζω, ὀρο-θύνω): y-ordor “ fast “, yordorem “ encourage, arouse, irritate “; arm “root” (: ὄρμενος); ordi, gen. ordvoy ‘son” (*ordhii̯o); Gk. ὄρνῡμι “urge on, incite, make to arise, call forth, move, stir oneself, awaken, arouse from sleep” (: O.Ind. r̥ṇṓti; compare Schwyzer Gk. I 696β; das о after ὀρέομαι?), Aor. ὦρσα, ὤρορον, ὄρσω, Med. ὄρνυμαι, ὦρτο “ aroused, animated, uplifted “, Fut. ὀροῦμαι, thematic Aor.ὤρετο, participle ὄρμενος, perf. ὄρωρα “ have been excited “; with ορ- as iterative vocalism ὀρέ-ομαι, -οντο ‘sally, burst forth, rushed forth”, with er- still ἔρετο ὡρμήθη Hes., ἔρσεο διεγείρου Hes., ἔρσῃ ὁρμήσῃ (which then permeated through ὤρετο, ὄρσεο forms); a present *ἴρνυμι (as κίρνημι) follows from Cret. Ζεὺς “Επιρνύτιος (Schwyzer Gk. I 695); - ορτος in νεορτός “new born”, θέορτος “ celestial, heavenly “, etc.; Κυν-, Λυκ-όρτας, Λᾱ- έρτης; Hom. οὖρος “ favorable sailing wind “ (*όρFος, “navigating the ship”), ὄρος m. “ actuation, drive “; with gh-extension ἔρχομαι “ start, set out, come or go, come to, arrive at “ (only present), ὀρχέομαι “dances” (Schwyzer Gk. I 702); see under O.Ir. regaid; ὄρμενος “ shoot, sprout, or stem, stalk “, about ὄραμνος “twig, branch”, ὀρόδαμνος, ῥάδαμνος ds., s. Schwyzer Gk. I 3132; er- in ἔρνος (ἕρνος, Schwyzer Gl. 5, 193) ‘sprout, twig, branch” (“*shot up “, as Nor. runne, rune “twig, branch”: formal = O.Ind. árṇas- n.); ἐρέας τέκνα. Θεσσαλοί Hes., ἐρέθω, ἐρεθίζω “ agitate, perturb, irritate “ (ὀροθύνω “ enrage, encourage, cheer, irritate “); From an es-stem *eros “elevation” from: O.Ind. r̥ṣvá- “high”, Gk. ὄρος n. “mountain” (the vocalism after ὄρνῡμι, partly changed perhaps also after ὄρρος); about οὖρος = ὄρος s. esp. Schulze Qunder ep. 407 ff.; is Dor. ὦρος and Att. ᾽Ψρείθυια with ὦμος from *ŏmsos to compare and lead back to (reshuffled after an adj. *ors-os or *ors-u̯os : O.Ind. r̥šva-) *ὄρσος?; Gk. ὀρσοθύρη “ back door “ (probably as high escape door, emergency exit??), by Hes. εἰρεθύρη ὀρσοθύρα; about Gk. ὄρρος “ buttocks “ see under ers-; Phryg. ειροι “ children “ (Jokl Eberts Reallex. 10, 151a); Alb. jerm “ frenzied, phrenetic, wild “ (*er-mo-); about përrua “ riverbed, stream “ (për-rēn- , lengthened grade), prrua ‘spring” (*prër-rua “ effluence “) (see below); Maybe Alb. ora “mountain nymph” Lat. orior, -īrī, ortus sum “ to rise; to spring up, be born, proceed from a source or cause “ (ortus = O.Ind. r̥tá-; o of orior either from ortus or from Аor.-stem, EM2 713), ortus, -ūs “ rising “, orīgo “ origin, source, beginning; an ancestor “ (kann as orior on the i-basis based on), Umbr. ortom “have risen”, urtas “have been risen, arisen”, urtes “arisen, stirred, agitated”; O.Ir. Imper. eirg “go!” (*ergh-e), Fut. regaid (*rigüti, IE *r̥gh-); see above Gk. ἔρχομαι; Celt. or- in M.Welsh cyf-or m. “ troop “, dy-gyf-or “elevation”, ad-orth “ excitement, help”(*atior- to-), etc. (Loth RC 40, 355); compare also Ifor Williams RC 43, 271 (about M.Ir. or f. “bank, border, shore” s. Pedersen KG. I 206 f.); Gmc. *ermana-, *irmino “big, large” (: ὄρμενος, Church Slavic raměnъ, s. Brũckner KZ. 45, 107) in O.H.G. irmin-deot etc. (see above S. 58); O.Ice. ern (*arnia-) “proficient, energetic “, Goth. arniba adv. “certainly” (but O.Ice. ürna, -aða “go, drive, run” secondary from ǣrna = Goth. airinōn ), O.H.G. ernust “fight, struggle, seriousness “, O.E. eornost “ seriousness, eagerness “ (: Av. arǝnu- “fight, struggle”); with similarl meaning Gk. ἐρέας τέκνα Hes., perhaps Run. erilar, O.Ice. jarl, O.E. eorl, O.S. erl “noble man, husband” (see under er- “eagle”) ; O.Ice. iara “fight” (*era);

    Note: Run. erilar, O.Ice. jarl, O.E. eorl, O.S. erl “noble man, husband” : Lith. erẽlis, dial. arẽlis, O.Pruss. arelie (lies arelis), Ltv. ḕrglis (aus ḕrdlis) “eagle”; Balt basic form *ereli̯а-, derived from Root er-1, or- : “eagle”. Hence the original meaning of those cognates was “eagle men”. Celtic people called themselves after the sacred bird of the sky god. Hence the eagle was a war god that is why eagle bones are found in Stonehenge monuments. Clearly the Celtic cognate derived from Balt languages. Goth. rinnan, rann “rush, run” (*re-nu̯-ō), urrinnan “rise, from the sun”, O.Ice. rinna “flow, run”, O.H.G. O.S. rinnan “flow, swim, run”, O.E. rinnan and iernan, arn ds.; Kaus. Goth. urrannjan “ allow to rise “, O.Ice. renna “ make run “, O.S. rennian ds., O.H.G. M.H.G. rennen, rante “run” (ein after rinnan with nn provided *ronei̯ō = Slav. roniti under S. 329); zero grade Goth. runs m. (i-stem), O.E. ryne m. “run, flow, river”, O.Ice. run n. “rivulet, brook”, Goth. garunjō “ inundation, flood “, O.H.G. runs, runsa “run, flow of water, river”, runst f. “ the runnel, flowing, riverbed “; Goth. garuns (stem garunsi-) f. “road, market “ (eig. “ the place where the people gather “; Gmc. runs-: O.Ind. árṇas-). In the use of shooting up, growth the plants (compare ἔρνος, ὄρμενος) O.Ice. rinna “ sprout, grow”, Nor. runne, rune “twig, branch” and Swe. dial. rana “ shoot upwards, take off into the air “, Nor. rane “ shaft, pole “, M.H.G. ran (ü) “ slim, thin “, O.H.G. rono “tree stem, clot, chunk, chip, splinter”; “ exaltation, elevation “ generally in Nor. dial. rane “cusp, peak, projecting rocks, ridge “, O.Ice. rani “ snout, proboscis “; O.Ir. rind (*rendi-) “cusp, peak”; for d(h)-extension see under; This root form *re-n- (maybe grown from a present *re-neu-mi, *re-nu̯-o) one also seeks in Alb. përrua “ riverbed, brook bed “ (për-rēn-, lengthened grade), prrua ‘spring” (*prër-rua “ effluence “) and in O.Bulg. izroniti (Bal.-Slav. *ranei̯ō) “ pour out, pour forth, shed, spread abroad “, Russ. ronítь “make or let fall “, Serb. ròniti “ shed tears, melt, urinate “, Goth. - rannjan; compare Trautmann 236 f.; d(h)-extension in Lith. participle nusirendant, nusirendusi “from the setting sun”, rindà “ gully, runnel “ (stógo r. “ gutter “), “ crib, manger “, Ltv. randa “ dent where the water runs off “; O.Bulg. ratь, Russ. ratь, Ser.-Cr. rȁt “fight” (*or(ǝ)ti-), O.Bulg. retь ds. “ an assiduous striving to equal or excel another in any thing, emulation, jealousy, envy, malevolence “, Russ. retь “quarrel, strife “, O.Bulg. retiti “to strain, stretch, exert; of missiles, to shoot, cast; intransit., to strive, strain, exert oneself, hasten; of statement, to assert with confidence, maintain.In relation to another: transit., to compare, contrast; intransit., to compete”, Russ. retovatьśa “ be angry “, retívyj “keen, eager, stormy, hot tempered, violent, fiery” (goes back to thematic (e)re- or *er-ti-, has been supported by Russ. dial. jeretítьśa “be angry, quarrel, squabble”); about Church Slavic raměnъ see above S. 58 under 328. Maybe in *-ska formant Alb. rrah ‘strike”, rrihem “quarrel, fight” (*ra-sko) [common Alb. h < sk phonetic mutation] From Hitt. here (Pedersen Hitt. 5 f., 45, 91 f., 122) ar- in 1. a-ra-a-i (arüi) “uplifts”, besides a-ra-iz-zi ds., preterit 3. pl. [a]-ra-a-ir; 2. a-ri “ comes “ (previous perf.), preterit a-ar-ta (arta) or ir-ta; 3. Med. present ar-ta-ri “ stands, it is placed upright “ (compare Gk. ὄρωρα : Lat. orior), 3. sg. Preterit a-ar-aš (ars) “went over, looked over”; 4. iterative a-ar-aš-ki-it (arskit) “ reached repeatedly “ (compare above O.Ind. r̥ccháti); 5. causative (compare above S. 61) ar-nu-uz-zi (arnuzi) “ bring to, set in motion” (r̥-nu-; compare above O.Ind. r̥ṇōti); Imper. 2. sg. ar-nu-ut (arnut) = Gk. ὄρνυ-θι, Verbaln. a-ar-numar (arnumar); to what extent Toch. A ar-, В er- “ produce, cause, bring forth “, with sk- Kaus. ars-, ersds., after Meillet (MSL. 19, 159) belong here, is doubtful; certainly remain far off AB ar-, ür- “cease”, with sk-Kaus. ars-, ürs- “ abandon “ (inaccurate Van Windekens Lexique 6, 22). b. extension er-ed- (d-present?): s. ered- “ deliquesce “, O.Ind. árdati, r̥dáti “ flows etc.”, also “ perturbed, agitated “; with Kaus. ardáyati “makes flow; throngs, presses, afflicts, slays “ was equatable O.Ice. erta (*artjan) “ incite, provoke, banter”, yet is connection with *ardi “cusp, peak, sting, prick” (above S. 63) at least equivalent; a dissyllabic form in ἀράζουσι ἐρεθίζουσιν Hes., ἄραδος “ excitement “; further here or to er-5 O.Ind. rádati “ scratches, digs, hacks, scarifies “, ví-radati “ cleaves, splits apart, opens “; perhaps also O.Pruss. redo “furrow” (Persson Beitr. 667). c. extension er-edh-: see above S. 327 ἐρέθω etc. under under S. 339. d. basis erei-; and reiǝ- : rī-; roi̯o-s, rī-ti- “ flux “. O.Ind. írya- see above S. 327; O.Ind. riṇǘti, ríṇvati (áriṇvan) “ allows to flow, run away, escape, dismisses, releases “, rīyatē “ gerät ins Fließen, löst sich auf “, rīṇ a- “ in Fluß geraten, fließend “, rītí - “ stream, run, line; run of the things, kind, way “ (latter meaning also in M.Ir. rīan “way, manner”), rit- “entrinnend”, raya- m. “current, stream, run, flow, haste, hurry, vehemency”, rētas- n. “ downpour, stream, seed, sperm “, rēṇ ú - m. “dust” (: aRuss. rěnь ‘sandbank”); to u-suffix compare under Lat. rīvus; Maybe zero grade in Alb. rri (*rni)’stay, stand” : Arm. y-aṙnem “ I stand up, I am lifted “; also Alb.Gheg rana, Tosc rëra (rhotacism n/r) ‘sandbank, sand” : aRuss. rěnь ‘sandbank” Arm. ari “get up, stand up!” (Persson Beitr. 769) To y-aṙnem, S. 327; Gk. Lesb. ὀρί̄νω, (*ὀρι:-νι̯ω) ‘set in motion, excite, irritate to the rage “; ἔρις, -ιδος “fight, strife, quarrel, contention “ (perhaps in i to our root form, whether not better after Schwyzer Gl. 12, 17 to ἐρείδω “ support, stem, bump, press, poke, push”); ark. ἐρινύειν “be angry with” from ᾽Ερῑνύς eig. “ the angry soul of the victim pursuing the murderer “ (??); Alb.Gheg rîtë “humid, wet, damp”, eig. “* flowing “ (*rinëtë : O.Ind. riṇǘti, Slav. rinǫti); Lat. orior, orīgo see above; rīvus (*rei-u̯o-s) ‘stream, brook”; in O.Bulg. rьvьnъ “ rival “ corresponding meaning change rīvīnus and rīvülis “ rival in the love” (latter form reshuffling after aequalis, sōdülis), actually “ one who lives near a brook “; probably here irrītüre “ excite, exasperate, anger, provoke “, prorītüre “ to incite, entice, allure, tempt, provoke, cause, or produce by irritation “, (probably intensive to an *ir-rī-re); Ir. rīan ‘sea” and (compare O.Ind. rītí -) “ kind, way “, Gaul. Rēnos (*reinos) “Rhein (large river)” (whether also after Stokes KZ. 37, 260 Ir. riasc “a marsh”, rīm “bad weather “??), Welsh rhidio “ go or come together, to meet, assemble, collect together, go or come together in a hostile manner, to encounter “ (: O.E. rīð, O.Ind. rītí -ḥ), O.Ir. riathor, Welsh rhaiadr, O.Welsh reatir “waterfall” (*rii̯a-tro-); O.E. rīð m. f., rīðe f. ‘stream, brook”, O.S. rīth m. “burning hot, rushing, torrential “, M.L.G. rīde f. ‘stream, brook, watercourse”, Ger. -reid(e) in place names; Dimin. (*rīÞulōn) N.Ger. rille “furrow after rainwater, gully”; further O.E. ü-rǣ man “raise, uplift, soar, rise”, M.Eng. rǭ men, Eng. roam “ wander “, O.Ice. reimuðr “ wandering around “, reimir ‘snake”, Þar er reimt “ there it is scary, haunts “, reima “ annoy, disturb, infest “ (meaning as O.Bulg. rijati “bump, poke”). About rinnan see above. With Gmc. s-extension: Goth. urreisan “rise”; Maybe Alb. urrenj “hate, be stirred” : Goth. urraisjan “ make rise, uplift, set up, awake, animate” not from lat horreo “to stand on end, stand erect, bristle, be rough”. O.Ice. rīsa, O.E. O.S. rīsan “rise”, O.H.G. rīsan, M.H.G. rīsen “ascend, fall”; O.H.G. reisa “ departure, migration, campaign, journey”, Goth. urraisjan “ make rise, uplift, set up, awake, animate”, O.Ice. reisa ds., O.E. rǣ ran “raise, uplift, uplift, set up, erect”, O.H.G. rēren “ make fall, make pour down, pour “; Maybe Alb. re “cloud, rain”, Alb.Gheg ra “fall”, reshje “rainfall, downpour” : diminutive M.H.G. risel m. “rain”. N.Ger. rēren “fall”, M.H.G. riselen “drip, rain”, Ger. rieseln, M.H.G. risel m. “rain”, O.Ice. blōð-risa, M.H.G. bluotvise “ blood-spattered “, O.Fris. blōdrisne “ bleeding wound”; from “fall” becomes “ dropped, fallen” in O.E. (ge)rīsan “befit”, O.H.G. garīsan “ approach, suit, fit “ (compare s-extension O.Bulg. ristati), M.H.G. risch “ spry, quick, fast “ (compare O.Bulg. riskanije); Lith. rū-tas “ morning “ (“*sunrise”, compare Goth. urreisan), Ltv. rietu, -ēju, -ēt “ break out, rise (e.g., from the day), burst forth “, riete “milk in the brisket “ (compare formal O.Ind. rēta-); Slav. *rai̯a- m. “current” (: above O.Ind. raya-ḥ m. ‘stream, run, flow”) in O.Bulg. izrojь “ ejaculation of semen “, sъrojь “confluence”, naroj “rush”, roj ‘swarm of bees” (*roi̯o-s); in addition rěka (*roi-kü) “river”; Maybe Alb. re “cloud” : Rom. roi ‘swarm, hive, cluster, cloud”; a loanword from Proto-Slavic form: rojь; See also: rějati; rěkà; rinǫti; Russian: roj ‘swarm” [m jo]; Polish: rój ‘swarm” [m jo], roju [Gens]; Serbo-Croatian: rōj ‘swarm” [m jo]; Slovene: ròj ‘swarm” [m jo] Also Alb. rrëke “current” from Proto-Slavic form: rěkà See also: rějati; rinǫti; rojь; O.C.S.: rěka “river” [f ü]; Russian: reká “river” [f ü]; Czech: řeka “river” [f ü]; Slovak: rieka “river” [f ü]; Polish: rzeka “river” [f ü]; Serbo-Croatian: rijèka “river” [f ü]; Slovene: rẹ́ka “river” [f ü] Slav. *rēi̯ ō “poke, push” in O.C.S. rějǫ, rějati “flow” (nSlav.) and “bump, poke, urge, press, push” (as ὀρί̄νω “budge”); in addition the changing by ablaut O.C.S. vyrinǫti “ ἐξωθεῖν “, rinǫtisę “ to fall with violence, rush down, fall down, tumble down, go to ruin “; aRuss. rěnь ‘sandbank”; maybe zero grade in Alb.Gheg ranë (*arvan) ‘sandbank, sand” Clr. riṅ ‘sand, river detritus, pebbles “ (compare O.Ind. rēṇ ú -); in other meaning (see above to Lat. rīvīnus) O.Bulg. rьvьnъ “ rival “ rьvenije ‘strife, quarrel, debate, contention “, Cz. řevniti “ compete “, Pol. rzewnić “move, stir, agitate”. Maybe in -sko formant Alb. rrah (ra-sko) “ quarrel” [common Alb. -sk > -h phonetic mutation]. With s-extension Bal.-Slav. *reisti̯ō in O.Bulg. rištǫ , ristati “run”, riskanije “ to run, move quickly, hasten “, Lith. raĩstas (“run time” =) “ rutting “, Ltv. riests ds., Lith. rìstas “quick, fast”, riščià instr. sg. “ in gallop “. e. basis ereu-; er-nu- “ contest “, or-u̯o- “hasty”. O.Ind. r̥ṇṓti (perf. üra but IE *ōra), arṇavá-; Av. arǝnu- see above S. 327; O.Ind. árvan-, árvant- “hurrying, rusher, racer”, Av. aurva-, aurvant- “quick, fast, valiant”; perhaps Av. auruna- “wild, cruel, savage, from animals”; very doubtful O.Ind. rū-rá- ‘stormy, hot tempered, of fever”;

    Note: O.Ind. árvan-, árvant- : Messap. FlN Arvō prove Illyr. displayed satem character; there is proof Illyr. belonged to the Celtic family Gaul.-Brit. FlN *Arvü, Eng. Arrow, Fr. Erve, Auve (*r̥u̯ü); Messap. FlN Arvō. Gk. ὄρνῡ-μι, οὖρος see above; previous causative ὀρούω “ overthrow me, outleap “, ἀνορούω “ jump up “ (probably as *ορου[σ]ω zur s-extension, see under); compare Schwyzer Gk. I 683; Lat. ruō, -ere “run, hurry, storm along”; M.Ir. rūathar (*reu-tro-) “onrush”, Welsh rhuthr ds., O.Ir. rū(a)e “ hero, demigod “ (*reu-i̯o- ); here Gaul.-Brit. FlN *Arvü, Eng. Arrow, Fr. Erve, Auve (*r̥u̯ü); Messap. FlN Arvō; O.S. aru, O.E. earu “ swift, ready, quick “, O.Ice. ǫrr “rash, hasty, generous, (*arwa- = Av. aurva-; here as originally “ generous “ perhaps also Goth. arwjō “ gratuitous, free “, O.E. earwunga, O.H.G. ar(a)wūn “ free, for nothing, in deception, in error “, arod “ forceful, agile”; O.H.G. ernust s. S. 328. O.E. rēow “agitated, stormy, wild, rough”, Goth. unmana-riggws “wild, cruel, savage”. extension reu-s-: O.Ind. róṣati, ruṣáti “is sullen”, ruṣitá-, ruṣṭá- “ irritated “; Swe. rūsa ‘storm from there, hurry”, M.L.G. rūsen “dash, rage, clamor, rant, roister”, rūsch “ intoxication “, O.Ice. rosi “ Sturmbö “, raust “voice”, O.S. ruska ‘storm ahead, hurry”; [but Goth. raus n., with gramm. variation O.Ice. reyrr m., O.H.G. rōr “ reed “, rōrea “duct, tube, pipe” (*rauziōn), with stem stress (as Goth.) Swe. rysja, O.H.G. rūssa, rūsa, riusa f. “baskey for catching fish, snare, trap”, other formations with k-suffix O.E. rysc f., M.H.G. rusch(e) f. “ bulrush”, probably remain far off]; Lith. ruošù s “ diligent, active “, Ltv. ruošs ds., Lith. ruošiù , ruošiaũ, ruõšti “ provide “, reflex. “ take care “; Slav. *ruchъ in Russ. ruch “restlessness, movement”, rúchnutь “tumble, fall”, Pol. Cz. ruch “movement”, ablaut. čеch. rychɫū “ quick, fast “, in addition causative Slav. *rušiti “ overturn, upset “ in O.C.S. razdrušiti “destroy”, Russ. rúšitъ ds., etc. Maybe Alb.Gheg zdroj, Tosc rrëzonj “tumble, fall” : O.C.S. razdrušiti “destroy”.

    References: WP. I 136 ff., Schwyzer Gk. I 516 b, 694, 702, 719, 740, 749, Trautmann 240 f., 242, 243, 246, WH. I 64 f., 416 f., 719, II 222 f.